土下地膜覆盖与减少灌溉对冬小麦产量形成与水分利用效率的影响
首发时间:2020-05-22
摘要:针对华北平原水资源短缺与冬小麦水分高耗低效问题,通过两年大田试验研究土下地膜覆盖与减少灌溉对冬小麦生长、物质积累与分配、产量构成与水分利用特性的影响。本试验以济麦22为试验材料,设置露地常规种植(CK,拔节、抽穗、灌浆各灌水75mm)、露地雨养旱作(OFR)、覆膜节水灌溉(PFI,拔节期灌水75mm)和覆膜雨养旱作(PFR)四个处理。结果表明,全田地膜覆盖与减少灌溉能显著降低小麦生育期耗水,与常规种植相比,田间耗水量减少68.9~228.2mm。雨养条件易受年型降雨影响,在干旱年份,耗水量仅为常规种植的43.3~54.6%,有效穗数也降低44.3~44.6%,产量减少50.0~78.7%,水分利用效率降低8.3~50.9%。而覆膜节水灌溉提高了有效穗数与穗粒数,增加了花前干物质积累与叶面积指数,为花后籽粒生长提供物质基础,其两年平均产量仅较露地常规模式降低5.8%,但水分利用效率提高14.3%。综合分析表明,全田地膜覆盖与减少灌溉对华北平原水资源具有一定的缓解作用,而覆膜拔节期灌水是兼顾粮食产量与节水高效的有效栽培措施。
关键词: 土下地膜覆盖 冬小麦 产量构成 产量 水分利用效率
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Effects of Sub-soil Plastic Film Mulching and Reducing Irrigation on Yield Formation and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat
Abstract:Aim at the shortage of water resources, the low efficiency and high water consumption of Winter Wheat in North China Plain, the effects of Soil film mulching and reducing irrigation on the growth, material accumulation and distribution, yield composition and water use characteristics of winter wheat were studied through two-year field experiments. In this experiment, Jimai 22 was used as the experimental material, and four treatments were set up: conventional planting under open field (CK, 75 mm for jointing, heading and filling stage ), rain fed under open film(OFR, rain fed), water saving irrigation under plastic film (PFI, 75 mm for jointing) and rain fed under plastic film (OFR, rain fed). The results showed that the water consumption of wheat growth period was significantly reduced by sub-soil film mulch and reducing irrigation. Compared with conventional planting, the water consumption in the field reduced by 68.9~228.2mm. The condition of rain fed is easily affected by annual rainfall in dry years, the water consumption of rain fed treatments was only 43.3~54.6% of that of conventional planting, the number of effective ears also decreased by 44.3~44.6%, the yield reduced by 50.0~78.7%, and the water use efficiency was decreased by 8.3~50.9%. However, Water Saving irrigation under film mulch increased the number of effective ears and grains per ear, improved the dry matter accumulation and LAI before anthesis, and provided the material basis for grain growth after anthesis. the yield of two-year average was only 5.8% lower than that of the conventional planting, the water use efficiency increased by 14.3%. The comprehensive analysis shows that the sub-soil plastic film mulch and reducing irrigation can alleviate the water resources in the North China plain, and irrigation at the jointing stage of mulching is an effective cultivation measure that takes into account the grain yield and water saving efficiency..
Keywords: Sub-soil plastic film winter wheat yield components yield water use efficiency
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土下地膜覆盖与减少灌溉对冬小麦产量形成与水分利用效率的影响
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